Material properties, such as hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, can be adjusted precisely through chemical or physical (e.g. size) modifications.
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Changing even one molecular layer (nano-scale thickness) on the surface of a material can dramatically modify its interaction with water.
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Special 3D nanostructure coatings on the surfaces, whether engineered or found in nature, is the source of the unique superhydrophobicity phenomenon.
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