Invasive Fungal Infections: Current and Emerging Strategies Toward Improved Outcomes

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Question Title

1. Azole resistance in Aspergillus species was first observed in:

India.

Europe.

United States.

South America.

Question Title

2. Selecting treatment for an A. fumigatus infection that is resistant to itraconazole, all of the following may be appropriate choices except:

Caspofungin.

Micafungin.

Voriconazole.

Liposomal amphotericin B.

Question Title

3. Acquired resistance to echinocandins has been observed most commonly with which of the following Candida species?

C. albicans

C. tropicalis

C. glabrata

C. lusitaniae

Question Title

4. Caspofungin use has been correlated with an increase in the frequency of candidemia caused by:

C. krusei

C. parapsilosis

C. tropicalis

C. lusitaniae

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5. The optimal method to identify Aspergillus infection in a neutropenic patient is:

Presence of “halo” sign on lung CT scan.

Positive galactomannan test.

Positive beta-D-glucan test

Culture confirmation.

Question Title

6. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended when using which antifungal agent?

Voriconazole

Fluconazole

Micafungin

Caspofingin

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7. When compared to a serum galactomannan assay, using a BAL sample for the galactomannan assay results in:

Higher specificity.

Lower sensitivity.

No change in positive predictive value.

Lower negative predictive value.

Question Title

8. Antifungal prophylaxis with which of the following agents is least likely to prevent mold infections?

Fluconazole

Voriconazole

Itraconazole

Posaconazole

Question Title

9. IDSA recommends which of the following for prophylaxis against cryptococcosis?

Fluconazole

Itraconazole

Fluconazole or itraconazole

IDSA does not recommend prophylaxis for cryptococcosis

Question Title

10. A proposed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target when using posaconazole to treat an IFI is:

Peak serum concentration >20 mg/L.

T>MIC of at least 50%.

Serum trough concentration 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L.

Serum trough concentration <0.4 mg/L.