Computer Vision Syndrome Smart (CVS-Smart) Questionnaire and Score

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a multifactorial syndrome that is defined by the American Optometric Association (AOA) as a group of eye- and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. However, the recent updates in the literature included more CVS-symptoms beyond this definition. The CVS visual symptoms are blurred vision, eye strain/fatigue, double vision/diplopia, difficulty in refocusing the eyes, near vision discomfort/difficulty, unclear objects post-screen use, glare/seeing halos of light and feeling diminution of vision. The CVS ocular symptoms dry eyes, eye redness, eye irritation/discomfort, foreign body sensation; burning sensation/stinging sensations, itching/eye rubbing, lacrimation/watery eye, eyelids feel heavy, frequent blinking. The CVS extraocular symptoms are headache, neck and shoulder pain, pain in joints of hands and wrists, sleep disturbances, midnight hunger, depression and tendency to suicide. Most of these symptoms are caused by wrong screen habits known as risk factors or practices which are prolonged screen time, improper lightening conditions, uncomfortable seating postures, uncorrected refractive errors, excessive texting with thumbs, and improper distance from screens, screen glare and small font size.