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* 1. How many calories does someone need to eliminate from their diet in order to lose weight? First they should calculate their basal metabolic rate (BMR) which identifies how many calories they burn each day when at complete rest. After calculating their BMR, they can then use an additional formula to factor in their level of activity. There are seperate BMR formulas for men and womnen, and these formulas require three variables: age, height, and current weight. Here is BMR formula for women: 

BMR = 655 + (4.35 × W) × (4.7 x H) − (4.7 × A) 

W = Weight in pounds
H = Height in inches
A = Age
 
According to the formula, which of the following will result in a lower BMR?

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* 2. Trina is conducting an experiment to determine the effects of watering clover with liquid Vitamin B. One week into her experiment the average clover plant from her control group is 17.3 millimeters tall. 

(1 decimeter = 100 millimeters)
(1 meter = 10 decimeters)  

Convert this height measurement into meters:

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* 3. Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification that is achieved by using a tool, mechanical device, or machine system. The formula for mechanical advantage is: 

MA =  output force
           input force
 
A crowbar can be used to remove a nail from a board. If the crowbar has a mechanical advantage of 8, and the a force of 40 Newtons is applied to it, what will be the output force?

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* 4.

Many individuals concerned with their carbon footprint are excited about the availability of hybrid electric vehicles. These cars are much more efficient in their use of fossil fuels than similarly sized internal combustion automobiles. However, hybrid electric vehicles do come with an environmental price tag. Their construction uses scarce metals, such as neodymium, lithium and lanthanum. Additionally, mining these elements involves pumping acids into deep boreholes to dissolve the surrounding rock and then removing the acid and mineral slurry. Such extraction processes are a type of surface mining, which have severe environmental impacts such as erosion, acid mine drainage, water pollution, and disruption of habitat.

Which sentence from the passage above best supports the idea that driving a hybrid electric vehicle burns gasoline?

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* 5. Humans can breed plants and animals to have useful traits. By selecting which animals are allowed to reproduce, humans can influence an organism’s genotype. What name did Darwin give to this kind of change in organisms?

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* 6. There are two types of planets in the solar system: Terrestrial and Jovian. Terrestrial planets are also called inner planets or rocky planets. They are smaller in size, higher in density, made mostly of rock and metal, closest to the sun, and have few moons and no rings. Jovian planets are also known as the outer gas giants. They are larger in size, lower in density, made mostly of gasses, further from the sun, and often have ring systems and many moons. There is also a sub classification of outer gas giants known as ice giants. Ice giants are smaller in size, smaller in mass, have lower amounts of gasses, and more rock and ice. Neptune and Uranus are ice giants.

What can be inferred from this passage about the differences between Neptune and Saturn?

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* 7. Taisha wants to know which location in her apartment is best for growing African violets. She has three African violets. She puts one on the balcony, one by the kitchen window, and one on the mantel in the living room. Each plant has the same size pot and the same soil, and Lauren gives each plant the same amount of water. The 2 variables: 1. location of plants 2. how the plants grow Which one is the independent variable (IV)?
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* 8. The independent variable (IV) changes the dependent variable (DV).

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* 9. Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? The 2 variables: 1. water temperature 2. amount of dissolved sugar What is the dependent variable (DV)?

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* 10. The changes that occur in an experiment that are directly caused by the experimenter (you) are called ___________.

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