2024 FOCIS Advanced Course in Basic & Clinical Immunology Post-Test Survey

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* 1. True or False: Hyper-IgM in humans occurs when B cells cannot undergo class switch recombination.

True

False

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* 2. True or False: Mast cells are important in allergic sensitization.

True

False

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* 3. Why do MHC I and MHC II molecules generally bind different peptides?

They bind peptides in different subcellular locations

The N and C termini of peptides bind to pockets in the MHC I-peptide binding groove

The ends of the MHC II peptide-binding groove are open

All of the above

None of the above

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* 4. Which of the following genes is commonly mutated across human cancers and supports the idea that immune surveillance happens in humans?

Tp53 (p53)

Pten

B2m

IFNG

None of the above

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* 5. True or False: IL-4 drives IgE production from B cells.

True

False

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* 6. Studies of LCMV infection in mice taught us that chronic viral infections lead to which of the following outcomes?

Virus-specific T cells eventually die by apoptosis

Virus-specific T cells upregulate exhaustion markers and become less responsive to further stimulation

Virus-specific T cells keep fighting until they fully clear the infection

Virus-specific CD8 cells keep fighting, while CD4 cells become exhausted

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* 7. A vaccine contains inactivated (dead) influenza virus. Which pattern recognition receptor(s) would detect PAMPs from this vaccine?

TLR7

NLRP3

RIG-I

AIM2

A, B and C

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* 8. True or False: A single type of toll-like receptor (TLR) is able to detect large numbers of different microbes by recognizing chemical structures that are the same between the distinct microbes but are molecularly distinct from mammalian molecules.

True

False

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* 9. Tumors that have lost MHC class I may escape “missing-self” recognition by NK cells because

They express ligands for other inhibitory receptors on NK cells

They secrete factors that suppress NK cell function

They have been “edited” to not express ligands for activating NK receptors

All of the above

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* 10. A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with an immunodeficiency disease after repeated opportunistic infections with microbes that live and reproduce in macrophages. The gene encoding which of the following proteins is most likely mutated in this child?

IL-2

FOXP3

Caspase 3

STAT-3

Interferon gamma receptor

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* 11. What is common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)?

A specific disease of T cell cytotoxicity

A broad term for an immunodeficiency with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and immunoglobulin defects

A broad susceptibility to herpesviruses

A secondary loss of immune cells due to chemotherapy

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* 12. True or False: Hyper-IgM in humans occurs when B cells cannot undergo class switch recombination.

True

False

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* 13. Autoimmune diseases share common features, including:

Genetic associations

Autoantibody specificities

Environmental triggers

None of the above

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* 14. What type of autoimmunity can be transferred to the fetus during pregnancy?

Type II: Antibody against cell surface antigen or matrix antigens

Type III: Immune-complex disease

Type IV: T cell-mediated disease

None of the above

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* 15. Drugs currently used for immunosuppression in solid-organ transplant recipients target:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

Interleukin 17

Calcineurin

JAK2 kinase

Both A and C

All of the above

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* 16. A patient with psoriasis is treated with an anti-cytokine antibody. While on this therapy, she develops a candida fungal infection. What is the most likely specificity of the antibody?

IL-4

IL-5

IL-17

Interferon gamma

IL-2

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* 17. True or False: Anti-microbial peptides protect the intestinal epithelial barrier.

True

False

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* 18. Which of the following immunotherapies cannot be tested in syngeneic mouse models?

PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade

Monoclonal antibodies to human proteins that cross-react with the orthologous mouse protein

Monoclonal antibodies to human proteins that do not cross-react with the orthologous mouse protein

CAR-T cells targeting human CD19

C and D

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* 19. Which of the following is NOT likely to be linked to the complement system in a significant way?

Myasthenia Gravis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

COVID-19 associated ARDS

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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* 20. Which of the following is NOT true?

Innate immunity involves faster responses than adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity utilizes receptors of limited diversity.

Innate immunity can discriminate between self and non-self.