For enrichment only (not for CEUs)

REFERENCE:
Steven Z. George, PT, PhD, FAPTA; Julie M. Fritz, PT, PhD, FAPTA; Sheri P. Silfies, PT, PhD; Michael J. Schneider, DC, PhD; Jason M. Beneciuk, DPT, PhD, MPH; Trevor A. Lentz, PT, PhD, MPH; John R. Gilliam, PT, DPT; Stephanie Hendren, MLIS; Katherine S. Norman, DPT, MS; Paul F. Beattie, PT, PhD, OCS, FAPTA, NREMT; Mark D. Bishop, PT, PhD, FAPTA; Christine Goertz, DC, PhD; Stephen Hunter, PT, DPT, OCS, FAPTA; Kenneth A. Olson, PT, DHSc, OCS, FAAOMPT; Sean D. Rundell, PT, DPT, PhD; Michael Schmidt, PT, DPT, FAAOMPT, GCS, OCS; Mark Shepard, PT, DPT; Robert Vining, DC, DHSc
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2021;51(11):CPG1-CPG60. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2021.0304

https://www.orthopt.org/content/practice/clinical-practice-guidelines

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* 1. Classification: Recent studies comparing the effectiveness of established low back pain classification systems were associated with consistent findings and high certainty of evidence, which means that new high-quality evidence is not likely to influence this recommendation.

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* 2. Classification: Physical therapists should consider using the STarT Back screening tool to risk stratify patients with acute or non-acute low back pain.

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* 3. Classification: The Lumbar Extension-Rotation Pattern is one Movement System Impairment (MSI) syndrome.

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* 4. Manual Therapy: The 2021 updated clinical practice guideline for low back pain now includes a recommendation about dry needling, which was not addressed in the previous version of the guideline.

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* 5. Manual Therapy: Thrust and non-thrust mobilizations are recommended for both acute and chronic low back pain, based upon Grade A evidence.

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* 6. Education: Pain neuroscience education is a recommended educational strategy alongside other interventions commonly delivered by physical therapists, such as exercise or manual therapy.

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* 7. Education: Strong support was found for large benefits of biopsychosocial education following spinal fusion surgery.

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* 8. Education: The Back Book is an effective standalone educational strategy for reducing pain intensity and disability among patients with chronic LBP.

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* 9. Exercise: The current best evidence would suggest that no specific trunk muscle exercise approach is superior for achieving reduced pain intensity or improved function in either short- or long-term follow-up in individuals with persistent non-specific LBP.

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* 10. Exercise: In older adults with chronic LBP attributed to lumbar spine stenosis, the current best evidence suggests a slight benefit in pain reduction when using general (total body) exercise interventions that emphasize progressing those exercises to more challenging levels.

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