Partnering to Advance Health Equity Survey

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* 1. With which gender do you identify?

Male

Female

Non-binary

Transgender

I prefer not to answer

Other (please specify)

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* 2. With which racial and/or ethnic group do you identify?

American Indian or Alaska Native

Asian or Asian American

Black or African American

Hispanic or Latino origin or descent

Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

White

Other (please specify)

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* 3. Years since the end of your clinical training?

Less than 10 yrs

10-20 yrs

More than 20 yrs

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* 4. About what percentage of your patients are:

	Less than 20%	21-40%	41-60%	61-80%	81-100%
Asian or Asian American	Asian or Asian American Less than 20%	Asian or Asian American 21-40%	Asian or Asian American 41-60%	Asian or Asian American 61-80%	Asian or Asian American 81-100%
Black or African American	Black or African American Less than 20%	Black or African American 21-40%	Black or African American 41-60%	Black or African American 61-80%	Black or African American 81-100%
Hispanic or Latino origin or descent	Hispanic or Latino origin or descent Less than 20%	Hispanic or Latino origin or descent 21-40%	Hispanic or Latino origin or descent 41-60%	Hispanic or Latino origin or descent 61-80%	Hispanic or Latino origin or descent 81-100%
Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent	Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent Less than 20%	Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent 21-40%	Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent 41-60%	Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent 61-80%	Middle Eastern or North African origin or descent 81-100%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Less than 20%	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 21-40%	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 41-60%	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 61-80%	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 81-100%
White	White Less than 20%	White 21-40%	White 41-60%	White 61-80%	White 81-100%

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* 5. In which county do you primarily work?

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* 6. Using the following glossary of terms, please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the statements below.

Glossary of Terms

Bias: Prejudice; an inclination or preference, especially one that interferes with impartial judgment. (https://www.pacificu.edu/life-pacific/support-safety/office-equity-diversity-inclusion/edi-resources/glossary-terms)

Health equity: The assurance of the conditions for optimal health for all people. (Camara Phyllis Jones, MD, MPH, PhD)

Health disparities: Refer to a higher burden of illness, injury, disability or mortality experienced by one group relative to another. (AMA)

Implicit Bias: Also known as unconscious or hidden bias, implicit biases are negative associations that people unknowingly hold. They are expressed automatically, without conscious awareness. Many studies have indicated that implicit biases affect individuals’ attitudes and actions, thus creating real-world implications, even though individuals may not even be aware that those biases exist within themselves. Notably, implicit biases have been shown to trump individuals’ stated commitments to equality and fairness, thereby producing behavior that diverges from the explicit attitudes that many people profess. (The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, Implicit Bias Review)

Racism: A system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks, that: 1) Unfairly disadvantages some individuals and communities; 2) Unfairly advantages other individuals and communities; 3) Saps the strength of the whole society through the waste of human resources. (Camara Phyllis Jones, MD, MPH, PhD)

	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neither agree nor disagree	Agree	Strongly agree
Everyone has implicit biases.	Everyone has implicit biases. Strongly disagree	Everyone has implicit biases. Disagree	Everyone has implicit biases. Neither agree nor disagree	Everyone has implicit biases. Agree	Everyone has implicit biases. Strongly agree
Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services).	Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services). Strongly disagree	Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services). Disagree	Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services). Neither agree nor disagree	Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services). Agree	Clinicians' personal biases never result in differential care (e.g., who gets certain medications or referrals for services). Strongly agree
Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today.	Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today. Strongly disagree	Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today. Disagree	Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today. Neither agree nor disagree	Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today. Agree	Clinicians, healthcare organizations. and regulatory agencies do enough to address implicit bias today. Strongly agree
I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed.	I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed. Strongly disagree	I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed. Disagree	I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed. Neither agree nor disagree	I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed. Agree	I have experienced racism in medical school, residency, and/or everyday practice either personally and/or observed. Strongly agree
I have seen racism impact the health of my patients.	I have seen racism impact the health of my patients. Strongly disagree	I have seen racism impact the health of my patients. Disagree	I have seen racism impact the health of my patients. Neither agree nor disagree	I have seen racism impact the health of my patients. Agree	I have seen racism impact the health of my patients. Strongly agree
Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently.	Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently. Strongly disagree	Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently. Disagree	Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently. Neither agree nor disagree	Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently. Agree	Implicit bias and racism in healthcare needs to be addressed urgently. Strongly agree

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* 7. How can the Michigan State Medical Society assist physicians to eliminate racism and health disparities? (check all that apply)

Share best practices

Share individual stories

Provide education and training on racism, health equity, implicit bias, etc.

Partner with other organizations

Convene ongoing meetings with other state and community organizations

Provide resources on how to become involved in community activities

Provide links to local diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives

Connect physicians with local community groups

Connect physicians with content experts

Share resources to assist physicians in accessing interpreters

Offer tips on working with interpreters

Share strategies for enhancing physician-patient communication

Offer cultural competence and cultural humility training

Share history of racial inequalities in Michigan

Identify resources to address social determinants of health

Advocate for funding to pay for resources to address social determinants of health

Support the design and implementation of equitable policies and processes

Other (please specify)

Partnering to Advance Health Equity

Physician Survey

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* 1. With which gender do you identify?

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* 2. With which racial and/or ethnic group do you identify?

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* 3. Years since the end of your clinical training?

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* 4. About what percentage of your patients are:

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* 5. In which county do you primarily work?

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* 7. How can the Michigan State Medical Society assist physicians to eliminate racism and health disparities? (check all that apply)

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* 8. Please provide specific examples of what physicians can do to advance health equity in their clinical practice and local communities.