Physics Quiz - Ultrasound Survey

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* 2. Attenuation is the reduction in sound wave intensity and amplitude when traveling through a medium and is the reason why echoes from deeper structures are weaker than echoes from superficial areas.

True

False

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* 3. The major source of attenuation in soft tissue is absorption, which is the conversion of acoustic energy into heat. Other mechanisms are reflection, refraction and scatter.

True

False

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* 4. The pulsed echo principle is the basis for the production of ultrasound waves.

True

False

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* 5. A piezoelectric crystal placed in the transducer transforms an electrical current into mechanical pressure waves (ultrasound waves) and vice versa.

True

False

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* 6. The crystal spends 99% of the time sending a signal and 1% listening mode, waiting for returning ultrasound echoes.

True

False

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* 7. Returning sound waves are converted into images on the ultrasound monitor.

True

False

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* 8. “B-mode” is the default ultrasound mode and stands for Bernoulli’s mode.

True

False

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* 9. M-mode stands for ‘motion mode’. It captures returning echoes in only one line of the B-mode image but displays them over a time

True

False

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* 10. Color Doppler detects blood flow or tissue motion in a selected two-dimensional area. Direction and velocity of tissue motion and blood flow are color coded and superimposed on the corresponding B-mode image.

True

False

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* 11. Power Doppler looks at the amplitudes of the returning frequency shifts and is able to detect even states of very low flow, such as testicular or ovarian torsion.

True

False

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* 12. Pulsed-wave spectral Doppler shows the “spectrum” of the returned Doppler frequencies. Arterial flow shows a more band like shape. Venous flow shows a more triangular shape

True

False

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* 13. Shadowing: Partial or total reflection or absorption of the sound energy. A much weaker signal returns from behind a strong reflector (air) or sound-absorbing structure (gallstone, kidney stone, bone).

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* 14. Posterior enhancement: The area behind an echo-weak or echo-free structure appears brighter (more echogenic) than its surrounding structures. This occurs because neighboring signals had to pass through more attenuating structures and return with weaker echoes

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* 15. Edge Shadowing: The lateral edge shadow is a thin acoustic shadow that appears behind edges of cystic structures. Sound waves encountering a cystic wall or a curved surface at a tangential angle are scattered and refracted, leading to energy loss and the formation of a shadow

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* 16. Reverberation occurs when sound encounters two highly reflective layers. The sound is bounced back and forth between the two layers before traveling back. The probe will detect a prolonged traveling time and assume a longer traveling distance and display additional ‘reverberated’ images in a deeper tissue layer.

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* 17. Comet tail is similar to reverberation. It is produced by the front and back of a very strong reflector (air bubble, BB gun pellet). The reverberations are spaced very narrowly and blend into a small band.

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* 18. Mirror imaging occurs when a structure is located close to a highly reflective interface (such as the diaphragm), it is detected and displayed in its normal position. However, the strong reflector causes additional sound waves to bend towards the neighboring anatomy, from where they are bounced back towards the strong reflector and return to the transducer. These sound waves have a longer travel time and are perceived as an additional anatomic structure. The image is duplicated on the other side of the strong reflector

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* 19. Ring down artifact is caused by a resonance phenomenon from a collection of gas bubbles. A continuous emission of sound occurs from the ‘resonating’ structure causing a long and uninterrupted echo. It is very similar to the comet tail artifact.

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* 20. Side lobe artifact is caused by low energy ‘side lobes’ of the main ultrasound beam. When an echo from such a side lobe beam becomes strong enough and returns to the receiver, it is ‘assigned’ to the main beam and displayed at a false location. Side-lobe artifacts are usually seen in hypoechoic or echo-free structures and appear as bright and rounded lines.

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* 21. Anechoic / Echolucent - Complete absence of returning sound waves, area is black.

True

False

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* 22. Hypoechoic - Structure has very few echoes and appears darker than surrounding tissue.

True

False

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* 23. Hyperechoic / Echogenic - Opposite of hypoechoic, structure appears brighter than surrounding tissue.

True

False

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* 24. Transverse Plane - Also known as an axial plane or cross section, runs parallel to the ground separating the superior from the inferior, or, the head from the feet.

True

False

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* 25. Sagittal Plane - Oriented perpendicular to the ground, separating left from right. The "midsagittal plane" is a sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body.

True

False

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* 26. Coronal Plane - Also known as the frontal plane, separates the anterior from the posterior or the front from the back.

True

False

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* 27. Oblique Plane- The probe is oriented neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, coronal, sagittal or transverse planes.

True

False

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* 28. Longitudinal Plane- The longitudinal plane is perpendicular to the transverse plane and can be either the coronal plane or sagittal plane.

True

False

Physics Quiz - Ultrasound

Question Title

* 1. Please enter your name

Question Title

* 2. Attenuation is the reduction in sound wave intensity and amplitude when traveling through a medium and is the reason why echoes from deeper structures are weaker than echoes from superficial areas.

Question Title

* 3. The major source of attenuation in soft tissue is absorption, which is the conversion of acoustic energy into heat. Other mechanisms are reflection, refraction and scatter.

Question Title

* 4. The pulsed echo principle is the basis for the production of ultrasound waves.

Question Title

* 5. A piezoelectric crystal placed in the transducer transforms an electrical current into mechanical pressure waves (ultrasound waves) and vice versa.

Question Title

* 6. The crystal spends 99% of the time sending a signal and 1% listening mode, waiting for returning ultrasound echoes.

Question Title

* 7. Returning sound waves are converted into images on the ultrasound monitor.

Question Title

* 8. “B-mode” is the default ultrasound mode and stands for Bernoulli’s mode.

Question Title

* 9. M-mode stands for ‘motion mode’. It captures returning echoes in only one line of the B-mode image but displays them over a time

Question Title

* 10. Color Doppler detects blood flow or tissue motion in a selected two-dimensional area. Direction and velocity of tissue motion and blood flow are color coded and superimposed on the corresponding B-mode image.

Question Title

* 11. Power Doppler looks at the amplitudes of the returning frequency shifts and is able to detect even states of very low flow, such as testicular or ovarian torsion.

Question Title

* 12. Pulsed-wave spectral Doppler shows the “spectrum” of the returned Doppler frequencies. Arterial flow shows a more band like shape. Venous flow shows a more triangular shape

Question Title

* 13. Shadowing: Partial or total reflection or absorption of the sound energy. A much weaker signal returns from behind a strong reflector (air) or sound-absorbing structure (gallstone, kidney stone, bone).

Question Title

* 14. Posterior enhancement: The area behind an echo-weak or echo-free structure appears brighter (more echogenic) than its surrounding structures. This occurs because neighboring signals had to pass through more attenuating structures and return with weaker echoes

Question Title

* 15. Edge Shadowing: The lateral edge shadow is a thin acoustic shadow that appears behind edges of cystic structures. Sound waves encountering a cystic wall or a curved surface at a tangential angle are scattered and refracted, leading to energy loss and the formation of a shadow

Question Title

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* 17. Comet tail is similar to reverberation. It is produced by the front and back of a very strong reflector (air bubble, BB gun pellet). The reverberations are spaced very narrowly and blend into a small band.

Question Title

Question Title

* 19. Ring down artifact is caused by a resonance phenomenon from a collection of gas bubbles. A continuous emission of sound occurs from the ‘resonating’ structure causing a long and uninterrupted echo. It is very similar to the comet tail artifact.

Question Title

Question Title

* 21. Anechoic / Echolucent - Complete absence of returning sound waves, area is black.

Question Title

* 22. Hypoechoic - Structure has very few echoes and appears darker than surrounding tissue.

Question Title

* 23. Hyperechoic / Echogenic - Opposite of hypoechoic, structure appears brighter than surrounding tissue.

Question Title

* 24. Transverse Plane - Also known as an axial plane or cross section, runs parallel to the ground separating the superior from the inferior, or, the head from the feet.

Question Title

* 25. Sagittal Plane - Oriented perpendicular to the ground, separating left from right. The "midsagittal plane" is a sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body.

Question Title

* 26. Coronal Plane - Also known as the frontal plane, separates the anterior from the posterior or the front from the back.

Question Title

* 27. Oblique Plane- The probe is oriented neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, coronal, sagittal or transverse planes.

Question Title

* 28. Longitudinal Plane- The longitudinal plane is perpendicular to the transverse plane and can be either the coronal plane or sagittal plane.