Athens 2016: Refractive Surgery Didactic Course (Part 2)

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* 2. On which principle does laser thermal keratoplasty work?

It is a cryoablative procedure

t is a coagulative procedure

It is a laser ablative procedure

It works by radiating the cornea with UV light

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* 3. Incisional surgery using limbal relaxing incisions are used for correcting astigmatism up to:

-0.75 D

-1.5 D

-2.5 D

-5 D

J. Krumeich
Overview of microkeratomes

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* 4. Use of the Femtosecond laser will create a more exact outcome of the refractive correction than a linear Microkeratome

True

False

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* 5. The applanation of a femtosecond microkeratome is softer than the one of a mechanical microkeratome and creates a better surface

True

False

D. Touboul
Intrastromal corneal implants

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* 6. The best candidate for intracorneal ring implantation for keratoconus is:

Cornea with central opacities

Peripheral corneal thickness of less than 400 µ

Clear central cornea with peripheral corneal thickness > 450 µ

Hydrops

E. Rosen
Refractive lens exchange

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* 7. Independent risk factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following Refractive lens exchange (RLE) include:

1. retinal detachment in the contra-lateral eye
2. axial length > 26mm
3. lattice retinal degeneration
4. Nd:YAG capsulotomy

1,2,3

1 & 3

2 & 4

4 only

1,2,3,4

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* 8. The incidence of angiographic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is considerably higher than of visually significant CMO.

True

False

A. Marinho
Overview of phakic IOLs

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* 9. Which is the minimal AC depth for implantation of Phakic IOls?

2.5 mm

2.8mm

3.2mm

3.5mm

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* 10. The following phakic IOL is suitable to correct the following refraction: sph +6.00 cyl+3.00x 90º

Artisan

Toric Artiflex

Acrysof Cachet

Toric ICL

O. Findl
Multifocal IOLs

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* 11. Which one of the following is an optical phenomenon typical of multifocal IOLs?

Glare

Metamorphopsia

Halos

Micropsia

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* 12. In which of the patient groups below has multifocal IOL technology been used most commonly and successfully for presbyopic refractive lens exchange (PRELEX)?

Emmetropic

Hyperopic

Myopic

Astigmatic

G. Grabner
Presbyopia

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* 13. Select the true statement:
The theory for accommodation (and the development of presbyopia) - that is scientifically validated is:

the Schachar theory

the Helmholtz theory

the Coleman (catenary) theory

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* 14. The correction of presbyopia is currently NOT possible by:

Changing the shape of the cornea

Implantation of multifocal IOLs

Prescription of reading spectacles

Modification of the vitreous body

Monovision (with contact lenses or IOLs)

R. Applegate
Quality of vision evaluation

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* 15. The optical transfer function has two components the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the phase transfer function (PTF).

In face recognition, the MTF is more important than the PTF

Optical aberrations cause letters to blur during acuity testing. This blur is best understood by the PTF as opposed to the MTF.

The PTF defines how each spatial frequency component is shifted in image space with respect to its location in object space.

Answers b and c are correct

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* 16. As the pupil dilates from approximately 3 mm to 6 mm in diameter:

Higher order aberrations increase in the normal non-surgical eye

In the normal non-surgical eye photopic high contrast acuity decreases slightly by around 3 letters

Hi order aberrations decrease in the normal non-surgical eye

Answers a and b are correct

C. Roberts
Biomechanics of the cornea

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* 17. What are the hallmarks of the biomechanical response to laser refractive surgery?

Anterior central flattening and peripheral steepening

Anterior central steepening and peripheral flattening

Anterior central flattening and posterior central flattening

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* 18. Which of the following is the greatest source of artifact in Goldmann tonometry?

Anterior surface curvature

Corneal biomechanical properties

Corneal thickness

J. Güell
Refractive reoperations and enhancements

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* 19. Which statement is false about bioptics:

It was originally described because of a technical limitation in phakic IOL power

It is used to improve final quality of vision

It is considered any combination of corneal and intraocular refractive surgery

It is considered only the combination of a PC phakic IOL and LASIK

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* 20. The most efficient treatment for epithelial ingrowth after LASIK is:

Mitomycin C

Lift the flap clean with absolute alcohol

PTK on the stromal bed

Lift the flap, clean both stromal sides of the cyst and suture the lenticule

V. Katsanevaki
Optical complications of refractive surgery

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* 21. How do human eye’s optical aberrations correlate with pupil size?

The larger the pupil size the higher the aberrations

The smaller the pupil size the lower the aberrations

Both A and B are correct

The pupil size is not related to the eye’s aberrations

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* 22. Which are the major limitations of “super vision”?

Refractive errors

Diffraction

Cone spacing

All of the above

R. Nuijts
Complications of phakic IOLs

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* 23. Which statement is WRONG?

ICL pIOL may cause cataract

Artiflex pIOL may show (non)-pigment deposition on pIOL

Artisan pIOL does not cause glare

PRL pIOL may luxate into the vitreous

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* 24. Which statement in RIGHT:

Rigid angle-supported pIOLs do not cause pupil distortion

The distance of the peripheral edge of the Artisan pIOL to the endothelium may predict the amount of endothelial cell loss

ICL sizing can be performed accurately with white-to-white measurements

Posterior synechiae formation after Artisan implantation is not dependent on crystalline lens rise

G. Kymionis
Customised ablational procedures

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* 25. The main problem of conventional treatments for the correction of myopia is that they induce changes in the spherical aberration of the eye. Optimized treatments are those that consider:

To introduce the preoperative corneal wavefront data of the patient in order to reduce the preoperative HOAs

They improve the profile of ablation in the peripheral cornea in myopic treatments to reduce the induction of spherical aberration

They try to reduce the postoperative night vision problems sometimes associated with conventional treatments

Optimized treatments require global wavefront analysis of the eye

Answers B and C are correct

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* 26. In a case of residual refraction and night visual symptoms caused by a previous laser surgery with a small optical zone, the correction is better performed by:

Global wavefront guided information

Optimized guided information

Corneal wavefront / topography-guided information

It is better not to treat it

Deep anterior lamellar graft

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* 1. Name:

Question Title

* 2. On which principle does laser thermal keratoplasty work?

Question Title

* 3. Incisional surgery using limbal relaxing incisions are used for correcting astigmatism up to:

Question Title

* 4. Use of the Femtosecond laser will create a more exact outcome of the refractive correction than a linear Microkeratome

Question Title

* 5. The applanation of a femtosecond microkeratome is softer than the one of a mechanical microkeratome and creates a better surface

Question Title

* 6. The best candidate for intracorneal ring implantation for keratoconus is:

Question Title

* 7. Independent risk factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following Refractive lens exchange (RLE) include:1. retinal detachment in the contra-lateral eye2. axial length > 26mm3. lattice retinal degeneration4. Nd:YAG capsulotomy

Question Title

* 8. The incidence of angiographic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is considerably higher than of visually significant CMO.

Question Title

* 9. Which is the minimal AC depth for implantation of Phakic IOls?

Question Title

* 10. The following phakic IOL is suitable to correct the following refraction: sph +6.00 cyl+3.00x 90º

Question Title

* 11. Which one of the following is an optical phenomenon typical of multifocal IOLs?

Question Title

* 12. In which of the patient groups below has multifocal IOL technology been used most commonly and successfully for presbyopic refractive lens exchange (PRELEX)?

Question Title

* 13. Select the true statement:The theory for accommodation (and the development of presbyopia) - that is scientifically validated is:

Question Title

* 14. The correction of presbyopia is currently NOT possible by:

Question Title

* 15. The optical transfer function has two components the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the phase transfer function (PTF).

Question Title

* 16. As the pupil dilates from approximately 3 mm to 6 mm in diameter:

Question Title

* 17. What are the hallmarks of the biomechanical response to laser refractive surgery?

Question Title

* 18. Which of the following is the greatest source of artifact in Goldmann tonometry?

Question Title

* 19. Which statement is false about bioptics:

Question Title

* 20. The most efficient treatment for epithelial ingrowth after LASIK is:

Question Title

* 21. How do human eye’s optical aberrations correlate with pupil size?

Question Title

* 22. Which are the major limitations of “super vision”?

Question Title

* 23. Which statement is WRONG?

Question Title

* 24. Which statement in RIGHT:

Question Title

* 25. The main problem of conventional treatments for the correction of myopia is that they induce changes in the spherical aberration of the eye. Optimized treatments are those that consider:

Question Title

* 26. In a case of residual refraction and night visual symptoms caused by a previous laser surgery with a small optical zone, the correction is better performed by:

* 7. Independent risk factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following Refractive lens exchange (RLE) include:

1. retinal detachment in the contra-lateral eye
2. axial length > 26mm
3. lattice retinal degeneration
4. Nd:YAG capsulotomy

* 13. Select the true statement:
The theory for accommodation (and the development of presbyopia) - that is scientifically validated is: