Learnings from your landscape: a pre-visit survey

Your landscape context

We invite you to contribute information about your project so that we can distil key lessons and learnings for future ILM and European Commission programming.

Through this survey, we would like to learn more about your project's landscape and the context in which you operate. If your project is situated in multiple landscapes, only answer about your focal landscape or the one that best reflects the sustainability challenges confronting your country.

This information will be treated as confidential, and contributors to this survey will be invited to collaborate on the development of knowledge products that draw on the results from this survey.

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* 1. What is the name of your project?

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* 2. What is the name of your landscape?

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* 3. What is the size of your landscape?

Less than 500 km2

500 - 2000 km2

2000 - 5000 km2

5000 - 10000 km2

More than 10000 km2

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* 4. Do landscape boundaries follow jurisdictional boundaries (e.g. federation, state, region, province, district)?

No, the landscape does not follow any specific jurisdictional boundaries

Yes, one jurisdiction

Yes, 2 or more jurisdictions

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* 5. What is the dominant configuration of this landscape?

Highly compact (e.g. large, continuous area of a single natural habitat type)

Moderately compact (e.g. natural habitat dominant, with large well-connected patches)

Moderately fragmented (e.g. smaller and more isolated patches of natural habitat)

Highly fragmented (e.g. small and isolated patches in a dominant matrix of disturbance)

Extremely fragmented (e.g. dominated by disturbed habitats and anthropogenic land uses with few and tiny natural habitat patches)

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* 6. How would you classify changes to natural habitats in the landscape over the last 10
years?

	Reduced	Same	Improved/increased
Habitat area	Habitat area Reduced	Habitat area Same	Habitat area Improved/increased
Habitat quality	Habitat quality Reduced	Habitat quality Same	Habitat quality Improved/increased
Number of habitat fragments	Number of habitat fragments Reduced	Number of habitat fragments Same	Number of habitat fragments Improved/increased
Fragment size	Fragment size Reduced	Fragment size Same	Fragment size Improved/increased
Habitat connectivity	Habitat connectivity Reduced	Habitat connectivity Same	Habitat connectivity Improved/increased

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* 7. What is the dominant biome in your landscape?

Tropical forest

Shrublands and shrubby woodlands

Savannas and Grassland

Desert

Palustrine Wetlands

Freshwater

Marine

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* 8. How prevalent are the following land forms and topographies in your landscape?

	High (>33% of llandscape)	Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Low (1-10% of landscape)	Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)
Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.)	Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.) High (>33% of llandscape)	Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.) Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.) Low (1-10% of landscape)	Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.) Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Lowland plains (flat, plains and wetlands below 400m a.s.l.)
Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude)	Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude) High (>33% of llandscape)	Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude) Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude) Low (1-10% of landscape)	Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude) Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Highland plateau and escarpments (high altitude)
Undulating uplands	Undulating uplands High (>33% of llandscape)	Undulating uplands Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Undulating uplands Low (1-10% of landscape)	Undulating uplands Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Undulating uplands
Mountainous regions	Mountainous regions High (>33% of llandscape)	Mountainous regions Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Mountainous regions Low (1-10% of landscape)	Mountainous regions Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Mountainous regions
Coastal and marine	Coastal and marine High (>33% of llandscape)	Coastal and marine Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Coastal and marine Low (1-10% of landscape)	Coastal and marine Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Coastal and marine
Rocky and arid	Rocky and arid High (>33% of llandscape)	Rocky and arid Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Rocky and arid Low (1-10% of landscape)	Rocky and arid Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Rocky and arid
Water bodies	Water bodies High (>33% of llandscape)	Water bodies Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Water bodies Low (1-10% of landscape)	Water bodies Negligible to none (<1% of landscape)	Water bodies

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* 9. How accessible are the markets and services of main urban centers to the majority of your landscape's communities with motorized transport?

Under 2 hours

2 to 4 hours

4 to 6 hours

6 to 10 hours

Not accessible for most with motorized transport

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* 10. How affordable and reliable is transport to these urban areas?

Affordable for most

Affordable but unreliable

Unaffordable for most but reliable

Unaffordable for most and also unreliable

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* 11. To the best of your knowledge, how prevalent are the following land uses in your landscape?

	High (>33% of landscape)	Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Low (1-10%)	Negligible to none (<1%)
Artificial/urban	Artificial/urban High (>33% of landscape)	Artificial/urban Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Artificial/urban Low (1-10%)	Artificial/urban Negligible to none (<1%)
Forests	Forests High (>33% of landscape)	Forests Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Forests Low (1-10%)	Forests Negligible to none (<1%)
Shrubs	Shrubs High (>33% of landscape)	Shrubs Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Shrubs Low (1-10%)	Shrubs Negligible to none (<1%)
Crops (seasonal)	Crops (seasonal) High (>33% of landscape)	Crops (seasonal) Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Crops (seasonal) Low (1-10%)	Crops (seasonal) Negligible to none (<1%)
Crops (perennial)	Crops (perennial) High (>33% of landscape)	Crops (perennial) Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Crops (perennial) Low (1-10%)	Crops (perennial) Negligible to none (<1%)
Sparsely vegetated	Sparsely vegetated High (>33% of landscape)	Sparsely vegetated Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Sparsely vegetated Low (1-10%)	Sparsely vegetated Negligible to none (<1%)
Baren	Baren High (>33% of landscape)	Baren Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Baren Low (1-10%)	Baren Negligible to none (<1%)
Grass/pastureland	Grass/pastureland High (>33% of landscape)	Grass/pastureland Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Grass/pastureland Low (1-10%)	Grass/pastureland Negligible to none (<1%)
Marsh/wetland	Marsh/wetland High (>33% of landscape)	Marsh/wetland Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Marsh/wetland Low (1-10%)	Marsh/wetland Negligible to none (<1%)
Mangroves	Mangroves High (>33% of landscape)	Mangroves Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Mangroves Low (1-10%)	Mangroves Negligible to none (<1%)
Water bodies	Water bodies High (>33% of landscape)	Water bodies Medium (10-33% of landscape)	Water bodies Low (1-10%)	Water bodies Negligible to none (<1%)

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* 12. Which of the following shocks and natural disasters impacted the landscape over the past 5 years (select a maximum of 3)?

Human safety & security

Drought

Famine

Floods

Disease outbreaks

Hurricanes/ tornadoes

Wildfire

Landslides

Other (please specify)

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* 13. What is the most common form of land tenure in the landscape?

Leasehold

Freehold

Customary

Tenancy/rental

Squatting/extra-legal land occupation

Other (please specify)

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* 14. How well are these rights protected?

Fully

Mostly

Rarely

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* 15. How prevalent are the following social groups in the landscape?

	Highly (>33% of population)	Significant (10-33% of population)	Low (1-10% of population)	Negligible to None (<1%)
Indigenous communities	Indigenous communities Highly (>33% of population)	Indigenous communities Significant (10-33% of population)	Indigenous communities Low (1-10% of population)	Indigenous communities Negligible to None (<1%)
Small-scale farmers of local origin	Small-scale farmers of local origin Highly (>33% of population)	Small-scale farmers of local origin Significant (10-33% of population)	Small-scale farmers of local origin Low (1-10% of population)	Small-scale farmers of local origin Negligible to None (<1%)
Small-scale farmers of migrant origin	Small-scale farmers of migrant origin Highly (>33% of population)	Small-scale farmers of migrant origin Significant (10-33% of population)	Small-scale farmers of migrant origin Low (1-10% of population)	Small-scale farmers of migrant origin Negligible to None (<1%)
Large-scale (commercial) farmers	Large-scale (commercial) farmers Highly (>33% of population)	Large-scale (commercial) farmers Significant (10-33% of population)	Large-scale (commercial) farmers Low (1-10% of population)	Large-scale (commercial) farmers Negligible to None (<1%)
Pastoralists and nomadic groups	Pastoralists and nomadic groups Highly (>33% of population)	Pastoralists and nomadic groups Significant (10-33% of population)	Pastoralists and nomadic groups Low (1-10% of population)	Pastoralists and nomadic groups Negligible to None (<1%)
Seasonal migrants and laborers	Seasonal migrants and laborers Highly (>33% of population)	Seasonal migrants and laborers Significant (10-33% of population)	Seasonal migrants and laborers Low (1-10% of population)	Seasonal migrants and laborers Negligible to None (<1%)
Settlers and displaced refugees	Settlers and displaced refugees Highly (>33% of population)	Settlers and displaced refugees Significant (10-33% of population)	Settlers and displaced refugees Low (1-10% of population)	Settlers and displaced refugees Negligible to None (<1%)
Urban dwellers	Urban dwellers Highly (>33% of population)	Urban dwellers Significant (10-33% of population)	Urban dwellers Low (1-10% of population)	Urban dwellers Negligible to None (<1%)
Fishing communities	Fishing communities Highly (>33% of population)	Fishing communities Significant (10-33% of population)	Fishing communities Low (1-10% of population)	Fishing communities Negligible to None (<1%)

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* 16. How important are these sectors to people’s livelihoods in your landscape?

	Critical	Important	Not very important
Livestock	Livestock Critical	Livestock Important	Livestock Not very important
Subsistence crops (including perennials)	Subsistence crops (including perennials) Critical	Subsistence crops (including perennials) Important	Subsistence crops (including perennials) Not very important
Cash crops (including perennials)	Cash crops (including perennials) Critical	Cash crops (including perennials) Important	Cash crops (including perennials) Not very important
Forestry (timber)	Forestry (timber) Critical	Forestry (timber) Important	Forestry (timber) Not very important
Forestry (non-timber forest products)	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Critical	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Important	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Not very important
Mining	Mining Critical	Mining Important	Mining Not very important
Cottage/artisanal industries	Cottage/artisanal industries Critical	Cottage/artisanal industries Important	Cottage/artisanal industries Not very important
Conservation (including carbon credits)	Conservation (including carbon credits) Critical	Conservation (including carbon credits) Important	Conservation (including carbon credits) Not very important
Tourism	Tourism Critical	Tourism Important	Tourism Not very important
Industry	Industry Critical	Industry Important	Industry Not very important
Fisheries	Fisheries Critical	Fisheries Important	Fisheries Not very important
Remittances	Remittances Critical	Remittances Important	Remittances Not very important
Illicit activities/trafficking	Illicit activities/trafficking Critical	Illicit activities/trafficking Important	Illicit activities/trafficking Not very important

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* 17. Which sectors are the most important sources of private sector investment in your landscape?

	Critical	Important	Not very important
Livestock	Livestock Critical	Livestock Important	Livestock Not very important
Food crops	Food crops Critical	Food crops Important	Food crops Not very important
Cash crops	Cash crops Critical	Cash crops Important	Cash crops Not very important
Forestry (timber)	Forestry (timber) Critical	Forestry (timber) Important	Forestry (timber) Not very important
Forestry (non-timber forest products)	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Critical	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Important	Forestry (non-timber forest products) Not very important
Mining	Mining Critical	Mining Important	Mining Not very important
Cottage/artisanal industries	Cottage/artisanal industries Critical	Cottage/artisanal industries Important	Cottage/artisanal industries Not very important
Conservation (including carbon credits)	Conservation (including carbon credits) Critical	Conservation (including carbon credits) Important	Conservation (including carbon credits) Not very important
Tourism	Tourism Critical	Tourism Important	Tourism Not very important
Industry	Industry Critical	Industry Important	Industry Not very important
Fisheries	Fisheries Critical	Fisheries Important	Fisheries Not very important
Criminal activities	Criminal activities Critical	Criminal activities Important	Criminal activities Not very important

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* 18. What types of population pressures has this landscape faced over the past 5 years?

Permanent in-migration (e.g. permanent relocations)

Temporary in-migration (e.g. pastoralism, seasonal labor)

Natural population growth

No major new population pressures, with stable composition

No major new population pressures, with changing composition (e.g. in-migration offset by out-migration)

The opposite! Population is declining (out-migration, low reproduction rates)

Other (please specify)

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* 19. Over the past 5 years, have there been any persistent or recurring safety and security issues in the landscape that threaten human wellbeing, health and/or life?

Yes

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* 20. What are the primary sources of these safety and security issues (select max 3)?

Sexual violence

Illegal activities (e.g. poaching, narcotics, illegal logging & mining)

Ethnic conflict

Religious conflict

Armed insurgencies and rebellion

Political conflict

Livestock rustling

Land ownership disputes

Fire

Natural disaster other than fire

Other (please specify)

None of the above

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* 21. How would you characterize the political environment in the landscape?

	High	Medium	Low
Qualifications and human capacity of public officials	Qualifications and human capacity of public officials High	Qualifications and human capacity of public officials Medium	Qualifications and human capacity of public officials Low
Accountability of public officials to their constituents	Accountability of public officials to their constituents High	Accountability of public officials to their constituents Medium	Accountability of public officials to their constituents Low
Accountability of traditional authorities to their constituents	Accountability of traditional authorities to their constituents High	Accountability of traditional authorities to their constituents Medium	Accountability of traditional authorities to their constituents Low
Stability/continuity within the public sector	Stability/continuity within the public sector High	Stability/continuity within the public sector Medium	Stability/continuity within the public sector Low
Autonomy of public officials (e.g. from external political or economic pressure)	Autonomy of public officials (e.g. from external political or economic pressure) High	Autonomy of public officials (e.g. from external political or economic pressure) Medium	Autonomy of public officials (e.g. from external political or economic pressure) Low
Autonomy of traditional authorities (e.g. from political or economic pressure)	Autonomy of traditional authorities (e.g. from political or economic pressure) High	Autonomy of traditional authorities (e.g. from political or economic pressure) Medium	Autonomy of traditional authorities (e.g. from political or economic pressure) Low
Corruption/rent-seeking	Corruption/rent-seeking High	Corruption/rent-seeking Medium	Corruption/rent-seeking Low
Quality and frequency of citizen participation in decision-making	Quality and frequency of citizen participation in decision-making High	Quality and frequency of citizen participation in decision-making Medium	Quality and frequency of citizen participation in decision-making Low
Level of information disclosure and transparency	Level of information disclosure and transparency High	Level of information disclosure and transparency Medium	Level of information disclosure and transparency Low
Frequency or severity of political in-fighting and disharmony	Frequency or severity of political in-fighting and disharmony High	Frequency or severity of political in-fighting and disharmony Medium	Frequency or severity of political in-fighting and disharmony Low
Alliances and coalitions supporting sustainability agendas	Alliances and coalitions supporting sustainability agendas High	Alliances and coalitions supporting sustainability agendas Medium	Alliances and coalitions supporting sustainability agendas Low
Lobbying/pressure for sustainability agendas	Lobbying/pressure for sustainability agendas High	Lobbying/pressure for sustainability agendas Medium	Lobbying/pressure for sustainability agendas Low

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* 22. How independent is local government in your landscape from higher levels of government with respect to the following?

	Very	Somewhat	Not very
Formulating policy priorities	Formulating policy priorities Very	Formulating policy priorities Somewhat	Formulating policy priorities Not very
Formulating and allocating (multi)annual public budgets	Formulating and allocating (multi)annual public budgets Very	Formulating and allocating (multi)annual public budgets Somewhat	Formulating and allocating (multi)annual public budgets Not very
Raising and retaining revenues	Raising and retaining revenues Very	Raising and retaining revenues Somewhat	Raising and retaining revenues Not very
Allocating land & resource exploitation rights	Allocating land & resource exploitation rights Very	Allocating land & resource exploitation rights Somewhat	Allocating land & resource exploitation rights Not very
Safeguarding peace & security	Safeguarding peace & security Very	Safeguarding peace & security Somewhat	Safeguarding peace & security Not very
Attracting & approving private investment	Attracting & approving private investment Very	Attracting & approving private investment Somewhat	Attracting & approving private investment Not very

Other (please specify)

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* 23. How prevalent are the following social issues in the landscape?

	Highly	Somewhat	Not much
Economic inequality	Economic inequality Highly	Economic inequality Somewhat	Economic inequality Not much
Unemployment	Unemployment Highly	Unemployment Somewhat	Unemployment Not much
Food insecurity	Food insecurity Highly	Food insecurity Somewhat	Food insecurity Not much
Discrimination against minorities	Discrimination against minorities Highly	Discrimination against minorities Somewhat	Discrimination against minorities Not much
Health problems	Health problems Highly	Health problems Somewhat	Health problems Not much
Safety and security	Safety and security Highly	Safety and security Somewhat	Safety and security Not much
Crop losses	Crop losses Highly	Crop losses Somewhat	Crop losses Not much
Financial insecurities	Financial insecurities Highly	Financial insecurities Somewhat	Financial insecurities Not much
Social disharmony	Social disharmony Highly	Social disharmony Somewhat	Social disharmony Not much

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* 24. What are the primary causes of 'highly prevalent' social issues (select maximum 3 options)?

Land grabbing

Human safety & security (mentioned above)

Natural disasters (mentioned above)

Unpredictable rainfall and climate change

Soil fertility loss

Weak or unpredictable access to production inputs

Weak access to markets

Natural resource scarcity/access constraints

Price volatilities

In-migration

Out-migration

Other (please specify)

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* 25. How prevalent are the following environmental issues in the landscape?

	Highly	Somewhat	Not much
Biodiversity loss	Biodiversity loss Highly	Biodiversity loss Somewhat	Biodiversity loss Not much
Deforestation & degradation	Deforestation & degradation Highly	Deforestation & degradation Somewhat	Deforestation & degradation Not much
Soil erosion	Soil erosion Highly	Soil erosion Somewhat	Soil erosion Not much
Water pollution	Water pollution Highly	Water pollution Somewhat	Water pollution Not much
Soil fertility loss	Soil fertility loss Highly	Soil fertility loss Somewhat	Soil fertility loss Not much
Pest and disease	Pest and disease Highly	Pest and disease Somewhat	Pest and disease Not much
Invasive plants and animals	Invasive plants and animals Highly	Invasive plants and animals Somewhat	Invasive plants and animals Not much

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* 26. What are the primary causes of 'highly prevalent' environmental challenges confronting the landscape (select maximum 5 options)?

Plantation agriculture/ forestry

Shifting cultivation

Cash crop expansion

Land grabbing

Human safety & security (mentioned above)

Artisanal mining

Industrial mining

Climate change

Over-grazing

Population growth

Urban expansion

Ranching

Illegal logging

Industrial logging

Hunting

Natural disasters (mentioned above)

Weak governance and law enforcement

Population pressures

Other (please specify)

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* 27. Are or were there any multistakeholder processes in the landscape that were not established by this specific LFF project?

Yes, they are still operational

Yes, but no longer active

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* 28. What mechanisms are there in your landscape through which local communities can engage local government in decision making?

Public consultation forums

Multistakeholder learning and dialoguing structures

Through village authorities

Through community committees

Through unions or associations

No mechanisms

Other (please specify)

Learnings from your landscape: a pre-visit survey

Your landscape context

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* 1. What is the name of your project?

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* 2. What is the name of your landscape?

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* 3. What is the size of your landscape?

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* 4. Do landscape boundaries follow jurisdictional boundaries (e.g. federation, state, region, province, district)?

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* 5. What is the dominant configuration of this landscape?

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* 6. How would you classify changes to natural habitats in the landscape over the last 10years?

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* 7. What is the dominant biome in your landscape?

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* 8. How prevalent are the following land forms and topographies in your landscape?

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* 9. How accessible are the markets and services of main urban centers to the majority of your landscape's communities with motorized transport?

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* 10. How affordable and reliable is transport to these urban areas?

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* 11. To the best of your knowledge, how prevalent are the following land uses in your landscape?

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* 12. Which of the following shocks and natural disasters impacted the landscape over the past 5 years (select a maximum of 3)?

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* 13. What is the most common form of land tenure in the landscape?

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* 14. How well are these rights protected?

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* 15. How prevalent are the following social groups in the landscape?

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* 16. How important are these sectors to people’s livelihoods in your landscape?

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* 17. Which sectors are the most important sources of private sector investment in your landscape?

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* 18. What types of population pressures has this landscape faced over the past 5 years?

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* 19. Over the past 5 years, have there been any persistent or recurring safety and security issues in the landscape that threaten human wellbeing, health and/or life?

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* 20. What are the primary sources of these safety and security issues (select max 3)?

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* 21. How would you characterize the political environment in the landscape?

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* 22. How independent is local government in your landscape from higher levels of government with respect to the following?

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* 23. How prevalent are the following social issues in the landscape?

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* 24. What are the primary causes of 'highly prevalent' social issues (select maximum 3 options)?

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* 25. How prevalent are the following environmental issues in the landscape?

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* 26. What are the primary causes of 'highly prevalent' environmental challenges confronting the landscape (select maximum 5 options)?

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* 27. Are or were there any multistakeholder processes in the landscape that were not established by this specific LFF project?

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* 28. What mechanisms are there in your landscape through which local communities can engage local government in decision making?

* 6. How would you classify changes to natural habitats in the landscape over the last 10
years?